[Oracle] GoldenGate for Distributed Applications and Analytics (GG for DAA) & Iceberg replication

Hello everyone.

 

How are you doing?

 

I was talking to Alex Lima, Oracle GoldenGate Product Manager, today and he suggested I take a look at a new OGG fo DAA. 

 

You already know that GG isn't just about replicating data from Oracle databases to Oracle databases, right? And did you know that it's not just limited to transactional databases?

Now, did you know that you can replicate tables in Iceberg format using GG for DAA from version 23.7?

 

That's right, my little master, you can. But first, what is Iceberg?

In a nutshell, Apache Iceberg is an open source table format designed for large-scale analysis in data lakes. In other words, the Iceberg format is a high-performance table format for extremely large analytical tables, designed to provide scalable and efficient data management.

Iceberg brings the reliability and simplicity of SQL tables to GG for DAA, while enabling engines such as Spark, Trino, Flink, Presto, Hive and Impala to work securely with the same tables at the same time.

And how can I do that? By using GG for DAA Handlers.

GG for DAA Handlers are native source and destination connectors for message streaming data/delta lake, cloud warehouse and NoSQL database technologies. They provide low-impact capture and real-time data ingestion capabilities with high accuracy and data throughput.
 
The OGG for DAA can be configured to work with any of the formats supported by Iceberg:

•  Parquet
•  Avro
•  ORC

The default file format for Iceberg data files is Parquet.

 

The following Iceberg catalogs are also supported:

• Hadoop catalog
•  Nessie Catalog
•  AWS Glue Catalog
•  Polaris Catalog
•  REST Catalog
•  JDBC Catalog

And the following operations are supported as well:

• INSERT: Generates files for insert operations.
• UPDATE: Generates data files and delete files for update operations.
• DELETE: Generates delete files for delete operations.
• TRUNCATE: Generates a delete file with a condition of always true to truncate the target table.

We can also work with Compressed Update Handling. Oracle GoldenGate trails can contain compressed or uncompressed update records. A compressed update record (Default) in the Oracle GoldenGate trail file contains values for the key columns and the modified columns. If we work in uncompressed format, we will have values for all columns.

Oracle GoldenGate Iceberg Replicat can also replicate GoldenGate trail records to Iceberg tables. The files can be written to local files, AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage (GCS) or Azure DataLake Storage (ADLS). 

Another very interesting point is the Delete and Merge-On-Read (MoR) file. Oracle GoldenGate generates Iceberg delete files for UPDATE and DELETE operations. To do this, the write.update.mode property of the Iceberg table is set to merge-on-read.

Iceberg supports two types of delete files:

• Exclusions by equality: The excluded records are identified by the equality of the values in the columns specified in the exclusion file.
•  Exclusions by position: The excluded records are identified by the position of the records in the Iceberg data file.

Currently, Oracle GoldenGate uses Iceberg Equality Deletes to delete records from the Iceberg table.

One point to watch out for is primary key updates with missing column values. This will cause files to be transferred to the Iceberg table before the transfer interval, potentially resulting in small data files and delete files for the primary key update operation. For workloads or tables with frequent primary key updates, it would be more interesting to generate trace files with uncompressed update records. In addition, we should set gg.validate.keyupdate=true for the trail generated from the Oracle source.

The configuration of the Iceberg replication properties is stored in the Replicat properties file. And we can make the settings below:

•  Nessie Catalog
•  AWS Glue Catalog
•  Polaris Catalog
•  REST Catalog
•  JDBC Catalog
•  Hadoop Catalog

So that's it, if you didn't know about this Oracle GG for DAA capability, now you do and you can start exploiting this functionality.

And if you want to know more details, you can check it out here and here.

 

I hope this has helped you.

See you.

Mario

 

[ORACLE] Useful scripts for the day-to-day life of a DBA (Part 3) - System metrics

Hello everyone.

 

Hope you're doing well!

As I said here, I've created a repository on GITHUB to share some scripts that I like to make and that help me in my day-to-day life as a DBA.

 

Today's script is showmetrics.sql and is in the ENVIRONMENT directory.     
 

This script is used to check all system metric values of the long-duration and their details. If the standard deviation in the metrics is high, it marks the metric for verification.

 

It's the first version, so I'm sure the Advisor needs some 'tuning' 😆. The attempt here is to mark the metrics with a standard deviation above 50% for verification.

Remember that these are scripts that you can use and change at your own risk. They help me a lot, but they may not be as functional for you.

And more important, my script, my rules for advice, ok? 😆

If you think you have a better metric, and want to suggest it, I'd be happy to listen and analyze it.

And always remember:

1. Some scripts are a compilation of several other scripts I've created.
   
2. Some scripts are based on and adapted from existing scripts. Those that I found reference to the author I obviously identify in the script.
3. So, if there's a script that you're the author of and I've adapted to my reality and it's not mentioned, please let me know and I'll be happy to reference it.
4. Because they're my scripts, they have my logic and help me in my day-to-day work, it doesn't mean that they're the best or that they're always the most refined and concerned with good practices. They can help you, but that's all.
5.  Feel free to make changes, but please keep the reference to the authors.
6.  If you find any mistakes, please let me know.

Feel free to download here.

Regards

Mario Barduchi

[ORACLE] Useful scripts for the day-to-day life of a DBA (Part 2) - Execution Plan

Hello all 

 

Hope you're doing well!

As I said here, I've created a repository on GITHUB to share some scripts that I like to make and that help me in my day-to-day life as a DBA.

 

 

Today's script is showplan.sql and is in the SQLPLAN directory.     
 
The script serves to help monitor and check active execution plans and try to create an advisor for sql plans with problems. 

 

It's the first version, so I'm sure the Advisor needs some 'tuning' 😆. The attempt here is to flag potentially problematic plans, just a starting point for further analysis.

You can use this script in combination with Carlos Sierra's coe_xfr_sql_profile.sql to define a better plan, for example.

Remember that these are scripts that you can use and change at your own risk. They help me a lot, but they may not be as functional for you.

My script, my rules for advice and tuning, ok?

 

The repository is https://github.com/MarioBarduchi/Scripts2DBA.

 

The script is: https://github.com/MarioBarduchi/Scripts2DBA/blob/main/SQLPLAN/showplan.sql

 

And always remember:

1. Some scripts are a compilation of several other scripts I've created.
   
2. Some scripts are based on and adapted from existing scripts. Those that I found reference to the author I obviously identify in the script.
3. So, if there's a script that you're the author of and I've adapted to my reality and it's not mentioned, please let me know and I'll be happy to reference it.
4. Because they're my scripts, they have my logic and help me in my day-to-day work, it doesn't mean that they're the best or that they're always the most refined and concerned with good practices. They can help you, but that's all.
5.  Feel free to make changes, but please keep the reference to the authors.
6.  If you find any mistakes, please let me know.

Feel free to download and use.

Regards

Mario Barduchi

[ORACLE] Useful scripts for the day-to-day life of a DBA (Part 1) - RMAN & SGA

Hello all 

 

Hope you're doing well!

I've created repository at GITHUB and I'm going to start sharing some scripts that I like to make and that help me in my day-to-day life as a DBA.

 

But some considerations are important:

1. Some scripts are a compilation of several other scripts I've created.
   
2. Some scripts are based on and adapted from existing scripts. Those that I found reference to the author I obviously identify in the script.
3. So, if there's a script that you're the author of and I've adapted to my reality and it's not mentioned, please let me know and I'll be happy to reference it.
4. Because they're my scripts, they have my logic and help me in my day-to-day work, it doesn't mean that they're the best or that they're always the most refined and concerned with good practices. They can help you, but that's all.
5.  Feel free to make changes, but please keep the reference to the authors.
6.  If you find any mistakes, please let me know.

The first scripts are for monitoring RMAN and one that combines various Advisors' results to suggest SGA tuning.

Remember that these are scripts that you can use and change at your own risk. They help me a lot, but may not be as functional for you.

 

The repository is https://github.com/MarioBarduchi/Scripts2DBA.

 

Feel free to download and use.

Regards

Mario Barduchi

[ORACLE] Create OCI DB System using the console.

Hello everyone!

I hope you're doing well.

Today, I going to show you how to create a new DB system in OCI.

Let's get started.

 

1) Select Oracle Database -> Oracle Base Database Service in the OCI console and click on "Create DB system".

 

 

 

2) Enter the compartment and DB system names.

 

3) Click on "Change Shape" and select your preferred shape.

 

 

4) Configure the storage. To do this, click on "Change Storage".

 

Select the storage management software, and configure the storage performance and size.

5) Configure the Oracle Database software edition and the DB system node count.

 

We have 4 database software edition options: 

• Standard Edition
• Enterprise Edition
• Enterprise Edition High Performance
• Enterprise Edition Extreme Performance.

 

6) Add the ssh key and select whether to use your own licences or the license included model.

 

7) Now, specify the VCN and subnet to want to use.

 

 

The private IP will be created automatically, if you don't configure it.

 

 

8) Click "Next".

 

 

9) Now let's configure the database information.

 

Click "Change database image".

10) Select the database image.

 

 

11) Configure the SYS and TDE passwords, as well as the backup service.

Finally, click on “Create DB system”.

After 90 minutes (average), you will have a DB system ready to use.

And that's it. I hope it helps you.

 

Regards

Mario Barduchi

[ORACLE] Alter database open resetlogs failed after restore. And the problem was my Redo logs.

Hello all

 

How are you doing?

 

I was creating a new test environment today and I tried to open a database that I had restored. 

 

Simple. Of course not.

 

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00349: failure obtaining block size for '+REDO/FOLHAHOM/ONLINELOG/group_4a.rdo'
ORA-15001: diskgroup "REDO" does not exist or is not mounted
ORA-15001: diskgroup "REDO" does not exist or is not mounted
ORA-15001: diskgroup "REDO" does not exist or is not mounted

 

I checked the redo log files. They were wrong and I have no idea why.

set pages 120 lines 10000;
SELECT 

    l.INST_ID, l.THREAD#, l.GROUP#, 

    substr(lf.MEMBER,1,75) as MEMBER, 

    l.SEQUENCE#, l.first_change#, 

    l.BYTES/(1024 * 1024) AS "Size MB", 

    l.MEMBERS, l.ARCHIVED, l.STATUS, 

    lf.IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE, l.CON_ID
FROM gv$log l
JOIN gv$logfile lf ON
    l.INST_ID = lf.INST_ID AND
    l.GROUP# = lf.GROUP#
ORDER BY 1,2,3;

Maybe I forgot to set log_file_name_convert. 

 

I don't know and It doesn't matter. I didn't want to do the whole process again.

I can't drop the log file group because the status “CLEARING_CURRENT”, of course.

Kids, don't try it at home? 😜

I'm just kidding, but this solution is a workaround and should only be used in an emergency.

And remember: This is a test environment. Production can and probably will be different, so use at your own risk.

Let's go to the party:

 

-- Thread 1

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE '+REDO/FOLHAHOM/ONLINELOG/group_6a.rdo' TO '+REDO1/FOLHAHOM/ONLINELOG/group_6a.rdo';
Database altered.

-- Thread 2
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE '+REDO/FOLHAHOM/ONLINELOG/group_11a.rdo' TO '+REDO1/FOLHAHOM/ONLINELOG/group_11a.rdo';
Database altered.

set pages 120 lines 10000;
SELECT 

    l.INST_ID, l.THREAD#, l.GROUP#, 

    substr(lf.MEMBER,1,75) as MEMBER, 

    l.SEQUENCE#, l.first_change#, 

    l.BYTES/(1024 * 1024) AS "Size MB", 

    l.MEMBERS, l.ARCHIVED, l.STATUS, 

    lf.IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE, l.CON_ID
FROM gv$log l
JOIN gv$logfile lf ON
    l.INST_ID = lf.INST_ID AND
    l.GROUP# = lf.GROUP#
ORDER BY 1,2,3;

 

Can I rename all the members of the log file?

Yes, but I preferred to recreate all the log file groups.

 

 

 

SQL>  alter database add logfile thread 1 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.
 

SQL>  alter database add logfile thread 1 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL>  alter database add logfile thread 1 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL>  alter database add logfile thread 1 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL>  alter database add logfile thread 1 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 ('+REDO1','+REDO2') size 512M;
Database altered.

 

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 4;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 5;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 7;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 8;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 9;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 10;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 12;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 13;
Database altered.

SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.

I checked that the old groups were inactive and dropped the last two groups.

set pages 120 lines 10000;
SELECT 

    l.INST_ID, l.THREAD#, l.GROUP#, 

    substr(lf.MEMBER,1,75) as MEMBER, 

    l.SEQUENCE#, l.first_change#, 

    l.BYTES/(1024 * 1024) AS "Size MB", 

    l.MEMBERS, l.ARCHIVED, l.STATUS, 

    lf.IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE, l.CON_ID
FROM gv$log l
JOIN gv$logfile lf ON
    l.INST_ID = lf.INST_ID AND
    l.GROUP# = lf.GROUP#
ORDER BY 1,2,3;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 6;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 11;
Database altered.

 

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE thread 2;

 

 

And that's it. I hope I've helped you.

Regards

Mario

 

 

[ORACLE] Embedding ONNX model for Vector Search tests with Oracle Database 23ai

Hello, everyone.

How's it going?

Today, I'm going to show you how to load an ONNX model into the Oracle 23ai database for your vector search tests. 

But first, what is ONNX?1

Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) is an open format built to represent machine learning models. ONNX defines a common set of operators - the building blocks of machine learning and deep learning models - and a common file format to enable AI developers to use models with a variety of frameworks, tools, runtimes, and compilers.

You can find more information about ONNX here.

To begin with, we'll need to download an ONNX model. We can do this here.

  

In my example, I'm use a docker environment to tests and I need to copy the ONNX zip to this environment.

For copy:

docker cp ONNX/all_MiniLM_L12_v2_augmented.zip Orcl23aiORDS:/opt/oracle/DATA_DIR

 

Unzip the file:

 

 

Execute the grants bellow.

sqlplus / as sysdba
alter session set container=freepdb1;

    GRANT DB_DEVELOPER_ROLE, CREATE MINING MODEL TO LAOUC24;

    CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY DATA_DIR AS '/opt/oracle/DATA_DIR';

    GRANT READ,WRITE ON DIRECTORY DATA_DIR TO LAOUC24;

  

Finally, load the model into the database.

sqlplus laouc24/Password123##@FREEPDB1
 

exec DBMS_VECTOR.DROP_ONNX_MODEL (

        model_name => 'ALL_MINILM_L12_V2', 

        force => true

);
 

BEGIN
        DBMS_VECTOR.LOAD_ONNX_MODEL (
                directory => 'DATA_DIR',
                file_name => 'all_MiniLM_L12_v2.onnx',
                model_name => 'ALL_MINILM_L12_V2');
END;
/  

 

 

Check that the model is loaded into the database and run the first test.

SELECT 

    model_name, 

    algorithm, 

    mining_function 

FROM user_mining_models 

WHERE 

     model_name = 'ALL_MINILM_L12_V2';

SELECT 
    VECTOR_EMBEDDING ( 
 ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'It is a pleasure to be here at LAOUC Tour 2024!' as DATA
    ) AS embedding;

Now you're ready to create your first table, load the data and vectors and start using Vector Search

CREATE TABLE laouc24.vector1 (
        id                      NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
        name                VARCHAR2(50),
        vector_coord    VECTOR
);

INSERT INTO laouc24.vector1 (id, name, vector_coord) VALUES
        (1, 'Mr. Morcego'           , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. Bat' as data)),
        (2, 'Mr. 7 Mountains'      , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. 7 Mountains' as data)),
        (3, 'Mr. Martin'               , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. Martin' as data)),
        (4, 'Mrs. Maria Padilha' , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mrs. Maria Padilha' as data)),
        (5, 'Mr. Litle Fire'            , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. Litle Fire' as data)),
        (6, 'Mrs. Maria Quiteria' , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mrs. Maria Quiteria' as data)),
        (7, 'Mr. Seven'               , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. Seven' as data)),
        (8, 'Mr. World Spinner'   , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. World Spinner' as data)),
        (9, 'Mr. White Stone'      , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. White Stone' as data)),
        (10, 'Mr. Litle Darkness' , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. Litle Darkness' as data)),
        (11, 'Mr. Marian'             , VECTOR_EMBEDDING(ALL_MINILM_L12_V2 USING 'Mr. Marian' as data));
        
COMMIT;

SELECT * FROM  laouc24.vector1 where id = 4;

And that's it. Your database is ready for testing using Vector Search.

For more examples and information, you can access this posts here and here.

I hope this tip has helped you.

Regards
Mario

[ORACLE] Quick tips: Autonomous Health Framework (AHF) files cleanup.

Hello everyone.

 

How are you doing?

 

Today, I going to show you a quick tip about the AHF - Autonomous Health Framework.

 

In case your autopurge is off, and your disk space is slowing, you can do a manual purge.

 

And it's a simple operation.

 

1) Check the space

 

df -h

 

2) Lists all the files that would be deleted without deletion - as root.

 

For example, I'm only going to clear the last 10 days (my retention is 30 days). 

  

tfactl purge -older 20d -dryrun

 

 

 

3) Delete the files
 
tfactl purge -older 25d
 
I could run it using hours, for example:
 
tfactl purge -older 200h 

The full syntax and parameters are:

 

 

 

4) Check the space

 

 

5) To enable autopurge:

 

tfactl set autopurge=on

 

 

You can manage the options using tfactl menu:

 

tfactl menu

 

 

For more information: tfactl purge

 

And, there you go. The space has been cleared.

 

It`s as simple as that!

 

I hope this tip helps you.

 

Regards

Mario

 

 

[ORACLE] Increasing the number of cores in a virtualized Oracle Database Appliance.

Hello everyone.

How are you going?

Today, I'll show you the process to increase the number of cores in a virtualized ODA HA X7-2.

Important: This process must be validated with Oracle Support, always.

 

Furthermore, remember that:  

• This step-by-step worked for me, but it may not work for you. 
• It's a test environment. The real life will be different, for sure.
• This post is for study and testing as well and has no concern for performance and security best practices.

So, let's get started!

 

The first step is create a new BIOS xml file to change the number of the cores.

su -

ubiosconfig export all -x bios.xml

We need to change te parameter below:

vi bios.xml

From: <Active_Processor_Cores>3</Active_Processor_Cores>

To:      <Active_Processor_Cores>4</Active_Processor_Cores>

In my example, I'll change to 3 cores for 4 cores.

Now, we need to import the new parameter.

su - 

ubiosconfig import config -f --expert -y -x bios.xml

Reboot the node and we have 4 cores on node 1. Repeat the process for node 2.

Before:

After:

After this, it was easy!

odacli update-cpucore --cores 8

{

  "jobId" : "388ac288-abaf-4304-8a3b-b033e4ca7dde",

  "status" : "Created",

  "message" : null,

  "reports" : [ ],

  "createTimestamp" : "July 11, 2024 02:49:22 AM BRT",

  "resourceList" : [ ],

  "description" : "CPU cores  service update",

  "updatedTime" : "July 11, 2024 02:49:22 AM BRT"

}

And, there you go!

I hope it helps!

Regards

Mario